Contine si un fisier excel cu toate aparatele de fotografiat cu arc de care am eu cunostinta.
Imi plac aparatele de fotografiat cu arc. Aceste aparate folosesc un motor care inmagazineaza energie prin compresia unui arc si cu ajutorul acestei energii avanseaza filmul si reîncarcă obturatorul fara a mai fi nevoie de clasica armare dupa fiecare declansare. Aceste aparate sunt perfecte pentru fotografiere în rafală, reportaj, sport și instantanee artistice .Cele mai multe au fost folosite si pentru spionaj , unele au ajuns si in spatiu . O compresie de arc este suficienta pentru 6-50 de declansari , functie de model si marimea arcului.
Primele aparate cu arc au aparut in Franta , in 1898 Le Pascal Japy et Cie apoi in 1922 modele Debrie Sept I si II. Curajoasa a fost si realizarea in Sua a modelului Ansco 1A automatic si semi-automatic ,in 1924, prima realizare a avansului cu arc la o camera cu Roll Film.
Într-o epocă în care majoritatea fotografilor trebuia să deruleze manual filmul și să fie atenți să nu suprapună cadrele, Ansco a introdus un mecanism cu arc (clockwork).”Se pot face până la șase fotografii în succesiune rapidă – una pe secundă, dacă se dorește, fără a se acorda atenție filmului, cu excepția momentului” citat din catalogul Ansco 1924 .Varianta cea mai ieftina costa 30 $ , cea mai scumpa 70$.
Povestea consacrarii aparatelor cu arc incepe in jurul anului 1930, cand un ceasornicar talentat, Heinz Kilfitt, a proiectat o cameră compactă cu film cu imagine patrata de 24×24 mm , care folosea un „clokwork” , un mecanism de ceas cu arc. A incercat sa si vanda proiectul firmelor care dominau piata : Kodak si Agfa , dar designul nu a fost apreciat. Proiectul a ajuns la Otto Berning care pe baza lui creeaza brandul ROBOT , genial numit dupa „truditorul” lui Karel Čapek din R.U.R..
O camera frumoasa si unica prin conceptia constructiei este Finetta 99L produsa de Werke Saraber Goslar in 1952 care vine dotata cu un obiectiv de exceptie Goslar Finon 45 2,8 MACRO.(montura este patentata Saraber ) Motorul cu arc asigura o autonomie de 16 declansari , mecanismul este foarte complex ,pentru pastrarea lui in stare de functionare corecta se interzice folosirea aparatului fara film in el.
Un aparat cu arc nu are cum sa fie banal , in 1956 Urss construieste un rangefinder foarte sofisticat numit Leningrad , care castiga multe premii internationale pentru inventica . Aparatul atrage si simpatii si multi hateri. Este mare cit o caramida , înăuntru este o adevarata uzina tehnica , mecanica si optica ( sunt foarte putini mesteri care stiu a repara un Leningrad) Arcul este suficient pentru 20-22 fotografii. Vizorul si rangefinderul sunt o opera de arta , cu multiple informatii despre focalizare si cu corectie de paralaxa. Cred ca este singurul aparat care are contor pentru numarul de declansari ramase in arc. Declansatorul se aude ca un percutor de AKM , aparatul nu mentine distanta fixa intre cadre pe film ( nu consider ca este important, doar pentru scanari automate ) .O versiune a lui a fost folosita in programul spatial Soyuz.
Mai jos KMZ Ajax (Ayaks)-12/F-21 cea mai mica camera cu arc, construita initial pentru uz militar , a facut parte din dotarea seviciilor secrete ale pactului de la Varsovia .S a produs aproape 40 de ani datorita fiabilitatii deosebite, incepand cu 1952. Dupa anii 1970 s a gasit si la vanzare publica sub denumirea de Zenit MF-1.
Ricoh Hi-Color 35 este o cameră peformanta , cu un obiectiv excelent rikenon 2,8 , un sistem precis de măsurare a expunerii, control manual complet, calitate excelentă a construcție. Este o evolutie a camerelor Ricoh cu arc anterioare pe format half sau 126. S a vandut mult timp si au existat multe variante (revizii), fiind inbunatatita constant.
Sears Easi Load FC 600 fost produs în Japonia de Ricoh pentru firma Sears & Roebuck din S.U.A., ca parte a seriei de camere pentru cartus de film KODAK 126 . Este un Ricoh 126 C Automatic modificat.
Aceasta varianta de Agfa Rapid e numește „Moto” pentru că este motorizata de un arc mecanic . Rotiți obiectivul spre dreapta si infasurati arcul , apoi faceți 16 fotografii fără a încărca din nou .
Pina sa public articolul a aparut si LOMO 135 BC si trebuie sa mi cer scuze . nu este deloc plasticos. metal bun .Simpatica camera , fiabila si cu pret bun pentru popor . Are suportul de blitz pus cam sugubat.
. Din Rusia trecem in China , aproximativ aceeasi perioada , un rangefinder masiv cu motor cu arc , Great Wall SZ-1 care seamana foarte mult cu Super Shot de la Ricoh , dar functional nu sunt identice. S au vandut cam 100.000 de exemplare intre 1969 si 1977, fiind inlocuit de SZ-2 .
Ajungem si in USA pentru a prezenta un Kodak Motormatic 35 care este la baza un Automatic 35 plus un motor cu arc pentru tragerea filmului . O armare este suficienta pentru 9-10 fotografii. Este o camera robusta , grea , fiabila si cu performante f bune , datorita autoexpunerii de calitate si obiectivului Ektanar. Este ultima camera construita in SUA de Kodak pentru film de 35(135).
Am facut cercetare si am creat un tabel cu 77 aparate care folosesc arc , cel mai probabil nu este complet .
| Complete Historical List of Still Cameras with Spring Motor (Clockwork) Film Advance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| From the first spring motor camera (1898) to the last models (1996) · Created by Blogprinvizor.ro | ||||
| # | Camera · Manufacturer · Year · Country | Film Format | Spring Motor Details | Notes |
| 1 | Le Pascal Japy et Cie · 1898 · France | Roll film | Film pre-wound onto drum, tensioning spring; unwound frame-by-frame | First-ever still camera with spring motor |
| 2 | Debrie Sept (I) André Debrie · 1922 · France | 35mm (18×24mm) | Side-mounted spring motor; auto advance; continuous run for cinema | 7-in-1: still camera, cine, projector, enlarger etc. |
| 3 | Debrie Sept II André Debrie · ~1925 · France | 35mm (18×24mm) | Improved spring motor over Sept I | Revised version of original Sept |
| 4 | Semi-Automatic Ansco Ansco · 1924 · USA | Roll film | Key-wound clockwork; frame-by-frame advance via lever | First spring motor for paper-backed roll film |
| 5 | Ansco Automatic No. 1A Ansco · 1925 · USA | Roll film | Spring coupled to shutter release; auto advance | Improved Semi-Automatic Ansco |
| 6 | Robot I Otto Berning & Co. · 1934 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Top-plate spring motor; 4 fps; ~25 frames/wind | First purpose-built 35mm spring motor camera; rotary shutter |
| 7 | Robot II Otto Berning & Co. · 1938–39 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Improved motor; double-wind variants (50 frames) | Integrated finder; flash sync; Luftwaffe use in WWII |
| 8 | Robot II Luftwaffe Otto Berning & Co. · ~1941 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Double spring motor; taller knob; black body | Military version; engraved ‘Luftwaffen-Eigentum’ |
| 9 | Leica MOOLY Ernst Leitz · 1938 · Germany | 35mm (24×36mm) | Detachable clockwork baseplate; 2 fps; 12 frames/wind | First detachable spring motor for 35mm rangefinder |
| 10 | Leica MOOLY-C Ernst Leitz · ~1940 · Germany | 35mm (24×36mm) | Improved with internal shutter linkage | Rare military variant; chrome/gray/black finishes |
| 11 | Bell & Howell Foton Bell & Howell · 1948 · USA | 35mm (24×36mm) | Built-in spring motor; up to 6 fps; continuous | ~500 produced; $700 in 1948 (~$9,000 today) |
| 12 | Finetta 99 / Ditto 99 Finetta-Werk (Saraber) · 1952–54 · Germany | 35mm (24×36mm) | Top-plate motor; cocks shutter + advances film | Interchangeable bayonet lenses; shutter 1/25–1/1000; rare |
| 13 | Finetta 99L Finetta-Werk (Saraber) · 1953 · Germany | 35mm (24×36mm) | Same motor as 99; slow speeds to 1s added | Slow speed governor on left-side dial |
| 14 | Galileo GaMi 16 Officine Galileo, Milan · ~1954 · Italy | 16mm (10×14mm) | 3 frames by opening/closing front cover | Subminiature; rangefinder; Esamitar 25mm f/1.9; B–1/1000 |
| 15 | Auto Terra (folding) Teraoka Seikōjo · ~1954–57 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Double spring motor; ~10 frames/wind | First Japanese spring motor camera; folding; ~30 made |
| 16 | Robot Junior Otto Berning & Co. · 1954 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; no angle finder or rewind | Economy model; interchangeable Schneider lenses |
| 17 | Robot Star Robot-Berning · 1950s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; 25 frames/wind; rewind capable | Modernized post-war Robot |
| 18 | Konica Pearl Type III Konishiroku (Konica) · ~1955 · Japan | 120 (6×4.5cm) | Spring motor for film advance | Medium format folder with spring motor; Hexanon 75mm |
| 19 | Riken Steky IIIa Riken Optical · ~1955 · Japan | 16mm | Spring motor for subminiature advance | Subminiature spy camera; Stekinar 25mm f/3.5 |
| 20 | GOMZ Leningrad GOMZ (later LOMO) · 1956–68 · USSR | 35mm (24×36mm) | Top-plate motor; ~20 frames/wind; up to 3 fps | Grand Prix Brussels ’58; M39 mount; ~70,000 made; finest Soviet RF |
| 21 | KMZ Ajax-12 / F-21 KMZ (Krasnogorsk) · 1952–~95 · USSR | 21mm (18×24mm) | Spring motor tensions shutter + advances film | KGB spy camera; 28mm f/2.8; concealed in clothing; ~43 year production run |
| 22 | Robot Star II (Vollautomat) Robot-Berning · late 1950s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Improved spring motor; die-cast body; 25 frames | Albada finder with 38/40mm and 75mm frames |
| 23 | Auto Terra II / IIb / IIL Teraoka Seikōjo · ~1957–58 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor; 8–9 turns; ~10 exposures | Coupled rangefinder; smooth body; meter variant (IIL) |
| 24 | Tessina 35 Concava / Sigrist · ~1957–60 · Switzerland | 35mm (14×21mm) | Watch-crown winder; 5–8 frames/wind | Subminiature TLR; spy camera (Stasi, Watergate) |
| 25 | Tessina Automatic 35 Concava / Sigrist · ~1960 · Switzerland | 35mm (14×21mm) | Automatic spring motor | Auto-advance version of Tessina |
| 26 | Tessina L Concava / Sigrist · ~1960 · Switzerland | 35mm (14×21mm) | Spring motor; top-mounted lens for covert use | Special version for discreet photography |
| 27 | Auto Terra Super / A Teraoka Seikōjo · 1959 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Improved motor; coupled advance; ~20 exposures | Zunow f/1.8 or Plover f/2.8; optional Grip Motor |
| 28 | Optika Auto 35 Teraoka (export) · ~1959 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Same motor as Auto Terra Super | US export by Aetna Optix, New York |
| 29 | Auto Terra Super L Teraoka Seikōjo · 1960 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Same motor; added selenium meter | Zunow f/1.8; uncoupled meter on top plate |
| 30 | Auto Terra Super P Teraoka Seikōjo · 1961 · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Same motor; all-black body | Police version; simple finder; rare |
| 31 | Kodak Motormatic 35 Kodak · 1960 · USA | 35mm | Bottom-plate clockwork knob; 9–10 exp.; disengageable | Last American-made Kodak 35mm |
| 32 | Kodak Motormatic 35F Kodak · 1962 · USA | 35mm | Same spring motor | Variant with built-in AG-1 flash |
| 33 | Kodak Motormatic 35R4 Kodak · 1965 · USA | 35mm | Same spring motor | Variant with Flashcube socket |
| 34 | Ricoh Auto Half Ricoh (Riken Optical) · ~1960–63 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Spring motor; 25–30 frames/wind; auto advance | Selenium AE; fixed 25mm f/2.8; no batteries needed |
| 35 | Ricoh Auto Half E Ricoh · ~1963 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Spring motor; 25–30 frames; improved finder | Colorful decorative faceplates |
| 36 | Ricoh Auto Half E2 Ricoh · ~1966 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Spring motor; 25–30 frames | Center-mounted hot shoe; top-plate release |
| 37 | Ricoh Auto Half S Ricoh · ~1965 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Same spring motor; added self-timer | No accessory shoe; self-timer on front |
| 38 | Ricoh Auto Half SE Ricoh · ~1967 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Same motor; simplified aperture override | Similar to S with simplified control |
| 39 | Ricoh Auto Half SL Ricoh · 1970 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Spring motor; Rikenon 35mm f/1.7; 1/30–1/250 | Best Auto Half; CdS meter; zone focus; rare |
| 40 | Ricoh Auto Half EF Ricoh · 1970s · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Spring motor; built-in electronic flash | Last generation with built-in flash |
| 41 | Sears Auto 35 Riken Optical (for Sears) · ~1960s · Japan | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor drive; Rikenon 35mm f/2.8 | Sears-rebranded Ricoh spring motor camera |
| 42 | Ricoh 126C-Flex Auto Ricoh · ~1968 · Japan | 126 | Spring motor for auto advance | SLR for 126 cartridge; Rikenon 55mm f/2.8 |
| 43 | Sears Easi-Load FC 600 Ricoh (for Sears) · ~1968 · Japan | 126 (Kodapak) | Spring motor; selenium auto-exposure | Rebadged Ricoh 126C Auto; Rikenon 40mm f/2.8 |
| 44 | Canon Dial 35 Canon · 1963 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Grip houses spring motor; ~20 frames/wind; 2 fps | Unique rotary-phone design; CdS; SE 28mm f/2.8 |
| 45 | Canon Dial 35-2 Canon · 1968 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Improved motor (more capacity); hot shoe added | ISO 10–1000; black nameplate |
| 46 | Canon Dial Rapid Canon · 1965 · Japan | 35mm half (Rapid) | Same motor as Dial 35; horizontal transport | SE 30mm f/2.5; Agfa Rapid cassettes |
| 47 | Bell & Howell Dial 35 B&H / Canon · 1963 · Japan/USA | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Same motor as Canon Dial 35 | US-market rebranded version |
| 48 | Fujica Drive Fuji Photo Film · 1964 · Japan | 35mm half (18×24mm) | Bottom-wheel spring motor; ~20 frames | Based on Fujica Half; selenium AE; 28mm f/2.8 |
| 49 | Fujica Rapid D1 Fuji Photo Film · 1966 · Japan | 35mm half (Rapid) | Spring motor auto-advance + separate self-timer motor | Fujinon 28mm f/2.8; selenium + manual; very noisy |
| 50 | Konica Aerial Camera Konishiroku (Konica) · 1940s–50s · Japan | Special (aerial) | Spring motor for sequential aerial shots | Military/reconnaissance; limited info available |
| 51 | Kilfitt UKA 659 Heinz Kilfitt · 1950s–60s · Germany | 35mm | Spring motor by Kilfitt (Robot creator) | Special/surveillance camera |
| 52 | Agfa Moto-Rapid C Agfa · 1967–69 · Germany | 35mm (Agfa Rapid) | Motor armed by rotating lens; 16 frames/arming | Evolution of Iso-Rapid; Color-Isomar; Parator shutter; very rare |
| 53 | Minolta Autopack 800 Minolta · ~1970 · Japan | 126 | Spring motor for auto advance | 126 cartridge camera with spring motor |
| 54 | Kodak Instamatic 150 Kodak · 1963–66 · USA | 126 | Spring motor auto advance | Spring motor Instamatic |
| 55 | Kodak Instamatic 154 Kodak · 1965 · USA | 126 | Spring motor auto advance | Updated Instamatic 150 |
| 56 | Kodak Instamatic 400 Kodak · 1963 · USA | 126 | Spring motor | Mid-range first-series Instamatic |
| 57 | Kodak Instamatic 404 Kodak · 1965 · USA | 126 | Spring motor | Updated Instamatic 400 |
| 58 | Kodak Instamatic 414 Kodak · 1968–71 · USA | 126 | Clockwork spring motor; auto advance | Mid-range with exposure meter |
| 59 | Kodak Instamatic 800 Kodak · 1964 · USA | 126 | Clockwork spring wind; auto-exposure | Top-of-the-line; aluminum; rangefinder; selenium |
| 60 | Kodak Instamatic 804 Kodak · 1965–70 · USA | 126 | Spring motor; updated 800 | Top-tier Instamatic; rangefinder |
| 61 | Kodak Instamatic X-25 Kodak · 1970–74 · USA | 126 (Magicube) | Spring motor; wind until stop, auto-advances | Magicube Instamatic |
| 62 | Kodak Instamatic X-45 Kodak · 1970–74 · USA | 126 (Magicube) | Spring motor; CdS auto-meter | Spring motor + CdS auto-exposure |
| 63 | Great Wall SZ-1 Beijing Camera Factory · 1969–77 · China | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor; ~12 exposures/wind | Rangefinder; 45mm f/2.8; 100,000+ made; political slogans on early units |
| 64 | LOMO 135 BC (VS) LOMO · ~1975–80 · USSR | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor auto advance | Auto-exposure scale-focus; simplified successor to Leningrad |
| 65 | LOMO 135 M LOMO · ~1980–85 · USSR | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor auto advance | Updated version of LOMO 135 BC |
| 66 | Robot Star 50 Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Double spring motor; 50 frames/wind | Double-capacity; industrial/espionage use |
| 67 | Robot Royal 24S Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; ‘kinographic’ 4–6 fps burst | Rangefinder; 8 bayonet lenses |
| 68 | Robot Royal 36S Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×36mm) | Spring motor; burst at 6 fps | Same as Royal 24 but full 24×36mm format |
| 69 | Robot Royal II Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Main spring motor; 4–5 consecutive frames | Simplified; no rangefinder |
| 70 | Robot Royal III Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; rangefinder; 8 lenses | Full-featured with bayonet mount |
| 71 | Robot Star 25 Robot-Berning · 1960s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; 25 frames/wind | With/without finder; industrial use |
| 72 | Robot Recorder 6/12/SC Robot-Berning · 1960s–70s · Germany | 35mm (special) | Spring motor; formats 6×24, 12×24, 16×16mm | Industrial/surveillance cameras |
| 73 | Robot Star Classic Robot-Berning · 1996 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; limited edition | Last-ever Robot; collector’s edition |
| 74 | KMZ Zola (S-260M) KMZ (Krasnogorsk) · ~1970s–80s · USSR | 35mm (24×36mm) | Built-in clockwork motor; modified Zorki 6 body; ~15 exp/wind | KGB spy camera for waist-level/concealed use; angled lenses; very rare |
| 75 | Zenit MF-1 KMZ (Krasnogorsk) · 1989–~96 · USSR/Russia | 21mm (18×24mm) | Spring motor; same as Ajax F-21; 15 exposures/wind | Civilian version of Ajax-12/F-21; shown at Fotokina 1994; last spring motor spy camera |
| 76 | Robot IIa Otto Berning & Co. · 1951 · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Spring motor; accepts standard 35mm cassettes (not Robot-only) | First Robot to accept standard 35mm cassettes; flash sync |
| 77 | Robot Star 50 N/S Robot-Berning · 1960s–70s · Germany | 35mm (24×24mm) | Double spring motor; 50 frames/wind; N=no finder, S=with finder | Industrial/scientific variants; bulk film option |
| Total:77 still cameras with spring motor (clockwork) film advance · 1898–1996 · France, Germany, USA, Japan, Switzerland, Italy, USSR/Russia, China & England | ||||
| Note: Covers still photo cameras only. Spring motor cine cameras (Bolex, Filmo, Kinamo, etc.) are a separate category. Includes detachable spring motor accessories where historically significant. | ||||
| Created by Blogprinvizor.ro | ||||
. Pentru acest articol am preluat unele informatii de pe : wikipedia.org , collection-appareils.fr, www.sovietcams.com,https://sovietcameras.org
The story of the consecration of spring devices begins around 1930, when a talented watchmaker, Heinz Kilfitt, designed a compact film camera with a square image of 24x24 mm, which used a "clokwork", a spring clock mechanism. He tried to sell his project to the companies that dominated the market: Kodak and Agfa, but the design was not appreciated. The project reached Otto Berning, who based on it creates the ROBOT brand, brilliantly named after the "laborer" of Karel Čapek from the R.U.R..
I will put a list of the devices that I know use a spring motor (I'm sure there are many more) and are not in my collection (yet): Galileo Optical Gami 16, Ricoh 126 automatic, Ricoh Auto Half series, Sears Auto 35 , Konishiroku (Konica) Aerial Camera , Kilfitt UKA 659 , Foton USA , Finetta 99, Kodak Eastman Motormatic 35 , Instamatic x-25, (x-45), 150 154 400 (404) 414 804 800 , Fuji Optical Fujica Drive , Konica Pearl Type III, Minolta Autopack 800, Canon Dial Rapid, Canon Dial 35 I and II, Riken Steky IIIa, Teraoka Seikōjo Optika Auto 35 and the entire series from RoboT.
